Supply Chain for Audi Essay Example for Free

Gracefully Chain for Audi Essay Gracefully Chain Research Submitted by Ahmed El-Barky Outlines (Topic 1) 12345Activities. Market and contenders. Flexibly chain structure. SWOT investigation. References. 1-Activities for Audi. Audi is perhaps the best vehicle on the planet. At the outset I will discuss Audi’s exercises. As a matter of first importance we as a whole realize the Audi is a German producer of Cars. Creating a great deal of kinds of vehicles beginning from Supermini to SUV vehicles in various costs with various classifications. Audi is a brand from the gathering of Volkswagen. The organization itself situated in Ingolstadt, Germany The Company name originates from the author name Who August Horch, His sir name implies (Listen) in Germany and when you make an interpretation of it into Latin it becomes Audi. 2-Audi Competitors. One of the greatest contender towards Audi is BMW and obviously the opposition between Audi A4 and BMW 3 arrangement. Also, BMW X Series and Audi Q7. Other contender is Mercedes and they are rivaling Audi A2 and Mercedes A class. 3-Supply Chain Design. Client 4-SWOT Analysis. - Strengths Audis Brand. Audi is one of the most important vehicles in vehicles industry. The situating of this vehicle is truly elevated for the client they position it as high glory as indicated by the structure and the style. - Strong income Company tasks during the period 2003-2006. The organization expanded its income by 16% . as per that the money proportionate increments from 1,207. 5million Euro to 4,884million. This is quality in light of the fact that with solid money that will assist the organization with achieving its arrangements. Shortcomings Focusing just on Germany 70. 5% of the income for this organization originated from Germany Market. That will influence the organization income in such a case that the economy in Germany isn't developing or deals in Germany isn't working out positively. Or then again the opposition around there gets higher. Limited quantity of creation Audi has a modest quantity of creation as per its Competitors for Example BMW delivered 1. 1 million units and Mercedes 1. 2 million unit and for Audi around the same time it was 0. 9 Million unit that will influence the income of the organization. ecause around the same time the incomes for BMW was 48,999 million Euro and for Audi it was 31,142 million Euro around the same time. Openings Sales in China is the third world’s biggest vehicle advertise after US and Japan. China desires are that it will be the wo rld biggest in 2015. Audi is the chines advertise since 1988 and it speaks to 10% from the entire market. Audi got back in the chines advertise in 2006 by Audi A6 adjusted motor. Russian market. Russia is one of the quickly developing vehicle advertises on the planet. The yearly development was 30% in 2006 contrasted with 2005. Accourding to those changing Audi is setting itself up to contend in this market toss an enormous net of vendors and satellite help workshops in Russia. Center East Market The Arab Gulf Area is one of the most significant zones for extravagance vehicles. A considerable lot of car ventures begin to build up their own manufacturing plants there. The extravagance vehicle Is relied upon to become 20% for the following 3 years. Towards that the organization began to contribute a great deal for the extravagance vehicles there like Audi Q7. Dangers Material costs Cost of the crude material, for example, aluminum and other for this industry is rising. That will influence the organization on the grounds that the costs will be higher and that will expand the opposition for the Japanese organizations. Economy in Eurozone 90% from the income for Audi originates from Eurozone showcase and the euro economy is declining so it’s too difficult to even consider getting the objective income in this market as it were.

Short, Wise Quotes About Life

Short, Wise Quotes About Life Insight need not generally be verbose. Indeed, the absolute savvies, most noteworthy statements by renowned individuals are pretty darn short, yet they pack a great deal of significance in their punch. Keeping it short functions admirably most likely in view of K.I.S.S.: Keep it basic, dumb. George Bernard Shaw: Life isnt about getting yourself. Life is tied in with making yourself. Eleanor Roosevelt: You should do the things you figure you can't do. Straight to the point Lloyd Wright: actually more significant than the facts.​​ Mother Teresa: If you judge individuals, you have no opportunity to adore them. Lucille Ball: Love yourself first, and everything else becomes alright. Stephen Colbert: Dreams can change. On the off chance that we’d all stayed with our first dream, the world would be overwhelmed with cattle rustlers and princesses. Oprah Winfrey: Failure is another venturing stone to significance. Stephen Hawking: Be interested. Mother Teresa: If you cannot take care of a hundred people, at that point feed only one. William Shakespeare: Love all, trust a few.​ Michelle Obama: Success isnt about how much cash you make. Its about the distinction you make in people groups lives. Wayne Gretzky: You miss 100 percent of the shots you dont take. Gabrielle Giffords​: Be striking, be gallant, be your best. Madeleine Albright: Real leadership...comes from understanding that the opportunity has arrived to move past holding up to doing. Angel Ruth: Dont let the dread of striking out keep you down. Seneca: Luck is the thing that happens whenever arrangement meets opportunity. Anna Quindlen: Don’t ever befuddle the two:â your life and your work. The second is just piece of the first. Thomas Jefferson: He who knows best realizes how little he knows. Dolly Parton: If you need the rainbow, you gotta set up with the downpour. Francis David: We need not think the same to cherish alike.​ John Quincy Adams: If your activities motivate others to dream more, find out additional, accomplish more, and become more, you are a pioneer. Maya Angelou: People will overlook what you stated, individuals will overlook what you did, however individuals will always remember how you made them feel.â Malcolm X: If you dont represent something, youll succumb to anything. Hillary Clinton: Every second squandered thinking back shields us from pushing ahead. Thomas A. Edison: Many of lifes disappointments are individuals who didn't understand that they were so near progress when they surrendered. Katie Couric: it's not possible to satisfy everybody, and you cannot make everybody like you. Jon Bon Jovi: Miracles happen each day. Change your view of what a marvel is and youll see them all around you.​ Eleanor Roosevelt: Do one thing consistently that alarms you.â Tina Fey: There are no missteps, just chances. Francis Bacon: A judicious inquiry is one portion of wisdom.​ Sheryl Sandberg: If youre offered a seat on a rocket transport, dont ask what seat! Simply jump on. Eleanor Roosevelt: Remember, nobody can cause you to feel second rate without your assent. Florence Nightingale: I credit my prosperity to this: I never gave or took any reason. Edwin Land: Creativity is the abrupt discontinuance of idiocy. Maya Angelou: You can’t go through imagination. The more you use, the more you have. Mahatma Gandhi: â€Å"Be the change that you wish to find in the world.†Ã¢ Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching: When I let go of who I am, I become what I may be. Rosa Parks​: When ones psyche is made up, this lessens dread. Henry Ford: Whether you want to or you think you can’t, you’re right. Gloria Steinem: Dreaming, all things considered, is a type of planning.​​​ Christopher Reeve: Once you pick trust, anythings conceivable. Kate Winslet: Life is short, and it is here to be lived. Mahatma Gandhi: â€Å"Live as though you were to pass on tomorrow. Learn as though you were to live forever.†Ã¢ Alice Walker: The most well-known way individuals surrender their capacity is by deduction they don’t have any. Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching: Great acts are comprised of little deeds. Amelia Earhart: The most troublesome thing is the choice to act. The rest is simply perseverance. Ellen DeGeneres: Sometimes you cannot see yourself unmistakably until you see yourself through the eyes of others.â Walt Disney: All our fantasies can work out on the off chance that we have the mental fortitude to seek after them.

How to Come Up With Hundreds of Business Ideas

How to Come Up With Hundreds of Business Ideas Given the chance, many people would start their own businesses. The numbers are overwhelming. According to a research by the University Of Phoenix Business School, 39% of employees hope to become business owners one day.The younger they are, the greater the desire to own a business, with more than 50% of employees in their 20s hoping to become business owners one day.So, what’s stopping them? While there are several reasons that keep people from starting a business, one of the major reasons is that most people don’t have a good business idea. They just don’t know where to start.For some people, generating great business ideas just comes naturally to them. Think of serial entrepreneur Elon Musk. After dropping from college, he started Zip2, which gave businesses an online presence. He sold it to Compaq and became a millionaire. He then co-founded PayPal, an online payments and money transfer service.After PayPal was sold to eBay, Elon went on to found several other companies, in cluding SpaceX, Tesla, Neuralink, and the Boring Company. Clearly, coming up with business ideas is no biggie for someone like him.While we might not all be like Elon Musk, the truth is that coming up with a business idea does not need to be so difficult. There are numerous opportunities to identify great business ideas, if only you know where and how to look.Below are some ideas on how to come up with great business ideas. FIND A SOLUTION FOR SOMETHING THAT BUGS YOU OR OTHERSYou might have heard that every successful business solves a certain problem. So, what better way to come up with a business idea than to find a problem to solve? Think about how Virgin Atlantic was started.Virgin founder Richard Branson was trying to get to the British Virgin Islands to meet his girlfriend, but unfortunately, the airline could not fill enough seats to warrant a flight, so their flight was cancelled, leaving Richard and his fellow passengers stranded in Puerto Rico.Not one to let such a problem stop him from seeing his then girlfriend and now wife, Richard chartered a plane, charged the stranded passengers $39 each for a ticket on his chartered plane and helped them get to the British Virgin Islands.From there, he bought a second hand plane from Boeing and Virgin Atlantic was in business. Richard simply noticed that there was a problem in how airlines treated their passengers (they didn’t care much about passengers) and started a business to provide a solution for that.You might not be ready to charter a plane or buy a second hand 747 from Boeing, but your greatest bet for coming up with a business idea is to come up with a solution for something that bugs you or other people near you.Think about your day to day life.What things do you find yourself complaining about? What do your friends, family, or colleagues regularly complain about?If you can provide a solution for these frustrations, you have a business idea on your hands.SOLVE PROBLEMS THAT MAY EXIST IN FUTUREAfte r becoming the richest person in the world, Amazon Founder Jeff Bezos plans to invest a huge chunk of his fortune on his space exploration company, Blue Origin. Why invest in a space exploration company?Bezos believes that due to problems such as climate change, it might one day become necessary for humans to take industrial activities to space, where manufacturing can be done without a risk to planet earth and the survival of the human race.If this happens, there will be a need for logistics companies to ferry finished products to earth. With Blue Origin, Bezos is positioning himself to become a logistics provider for space transportation, long before humans think of setting up the first industry on the moon or in Mars. He is working on solving problems that will emerge in the future.Just like Bezos, you can come up with a business idea by thinking about problems that might need to be solved in future. Think about the future, brainstorm about problems and challenges that might emer ge in that future and start thinking of solutions to these problems.FULFILL A NEEDApart from solving problems, another major reason why people pay from products and services is to fulfill a need. Do people around you have a need that is not being met? Is there a way you can help them meet this need?There are a lot of businesses that are built to satisfy human needs. Consider products like green tea and other health and fitness products, beauty products, clothing, and so on.These products try to fulfill the human need for esteem. When people look good, their confidence and their esteem gets a boost. Think of products like Facebook, Twitter, and other social media channels.These products help people fulfill the need for love and belonging.Think of a way in which you can help people fulfill their human needs and see how you can turn it into a profitable business.ASK YOURSELF “WHAT’S NEXT?”Another great way to come up with a great business idea is to think ahead of the curve. Take a look at trends and technologies that are being developed today. What opportunities will these technologies create once they become ubiquitous? How can you take advantage of these opportunities? For instance, many tech and automobile companies today are working on developing autonomous cars.While the technology is not completely ready, there is a high chance that all vehicles will become autonomous within the next one or two decades. What opportunities will self-driving cars create? For one, cars might become more of a service than a product.In this case, there is an opportunity to start a mobility as a service business.Alternatively, there might be a need to create software to manage fleets of autonomous cars.All these are opportunities presented by technologies that are yet to take root. By starting on them today, you can be way ahead of the competition when the time comes.So, try to think of current trends and figure out what opportunities will follow the trends and you will ha ve a great business idea.DEVELOP A CHEAPER VERSION OF AN EXISTING PRODUCTHow many times have you wanted to buy a certain product but could not afford it? How many other people do you think face the same challenge? If you could develop a cheaper version of the product, how many people do you think would be willing to pay for it? That right there could be a business idea.Think of Chinese smartphone companies like Huawei, Xiaomi and Oppo. With major smartphone brands like Apple and Samsung offering their flagship phones at ridiculously high prices, these Chinese brands saw it as an opportunity to offer much cheaper smartphones with an almost similar set of features. This definitely paid off, with Chinese Brand Huawei surpassing Apple to become the second largest smartphone manufacturer in the world.Just like the Chinese smartphone brands, you can come up with a business ideas by looking for products that are in high demand and have prices that keep a large chunk of consumers out.If you can come up with a way of developing cheaper versions of these products, that right there is a great business idea.MAKE PEOPLE’S LIVES EASIER OR MORE CONVENIENTPeople will almost always choose the path of least resistance. If you have a product or service that makes life easier or more convenient, most people will have no problem paying for it. There are a lot of products and services whose main aim is to make our lives easier or more convenient.Instant noodles. Microwaves. Dishwashers. Vacuum cleaners. Ride hailing services. Meal subscriptions. Clothing subscriptions. All these products and services were developed to make life easier and more convenient.Instead of struggling to come up with a completely new idea, just think of existing products and services and think of how you can make them more convenient or easier to use.For instance, many people don’t like the trips to the local grocery store.What if you came up with a subscription service where people pay a monthly fee to have a selection of vegetables and products delivered to their homes every Saturday evening?Instead of simply offering your freelance writing services, why not offer a package where clients get a hands-free blog management where you come up with content ideas, write them, post to their blogs and promote them?Simply find a way to make an existing product or service easier to use, less stressful, more convenient, or more user-friendly and you have a business idea.HELP PEOPLE SAVE MONEYMaking money is not so easy, and at the same time, there are so many needs. Because of this, people will always appreciate any opportunity to save money. If you come up with a way to help people save a few bucks here and there, you have a winning business idea on your hands.Think of products like energy saving bulbs and power strips, budgeting apps, coupons apps, water efficient shower heads, solar panels, and such other products.Most times, they are more expensive than their alternatives, yet people st ill buy these products because they help them save money in the long run. Try thinking of things that cost you money in your day to day life and think of solutions that can help you save some of that money. If you can do that, you will have identified a great business idea.FUSE DIFFERENT INDUSTRIESWhat skills do you have? Would they be useful in a different, unconventional field? How about fusing two ideas from two entirely different industries? Fusing ideas and skills that are completely unrelated is a great way of coming up with unique business ideas.A product like Google Glass, as well as other wearable technology is a result of fusion between the fashion and technology industries.GE Healthcare came up with the GE Adventure Series of children-friendly MRIs by fusing MRI technology and entertainment. The Nike Shox shoes were adapted from Formula One racing shock absorbers. All these are examples of ideas resulting from combining totally unrelated ideas.Try to think of two unrelate d concepts that would go together and you might stumble on a great business idea. Can you apply the Uber or Netflix concept to different industry? Bingo! You have a business idea right there. Do you think something being done outside your industry can be successfully applied in your industry, even if the two are unrelated? That’s an opportunity right there.Do you have skills in two or more fields? Is there a way to intersect these different fields in a unique way? If there is, you can turn it into a business with complete confidence that you will be the best at that unique intersection.INVESTIGATE OTHER MARKETSSometimes, we cannot see ideas because they are not suited to our local markets. These same ideas would appeal greatly to foreign markets. I will use a very simple example to illustrate this. If you were born and live in an English speaking country, being an English tutor is not a very viable business idea.However, if you came up with a way to package and sell your English c lasses to people in non-English speaking countries, for instance those who want to learn the language because they want to study in an English speaking country, there would be high demand for your services.By investigating the market opportunities in other regions and cultures, you can find a business idea that might not be so obvious in your local setting.Alternatively, you could also look at ideas that are working in other locations and see how they can be applied in your local setting. For instance, let’s assume that during a trip to a foreign country, you came across an on-demand vehicle repair service, which has not made it to your home country. You can copy the idea and apply it in your country or city.TURN YOUR HOBBY OR PASSION INTO A BUSINESSDo you have something you enjoy doing or something that you are good at? Is there something your friends constantly say you are good at, or ask for your help with? Is there something you always find yourself doing during your free time ? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you need to start thinking of how you can turn whatever you enjoy doing or are good at into a business.It doesn’t have to be a skill you learned in school. It could be anything â€" organizing parties, painting, writing, graphic design, social media marketing, drawing, you name it. If you are good at it, you can turn it into a business.I have a friend who loves drawing. Most of his weekends are spent working on one drawing or another. For him, it was just something he did for fun. Sometime last year, he decided to draw a portrait of a girl he was dating as a birthday present. After presenting the drawing to the girl, her friends were impressed. A number of them asked him to draw portraits of them and offered to pay for the service.That’s when it hit him that he had been sleeping on a business idea. From then, he has turned his passion for drawing into a little business that earns him a nice income on the side. Just like my friend, if you have something you are good at, there will be people willing to pay for it, so you should think of turning it into a business.Apart from doing whatever you are good at in exchange for money, you can also turn it into a business by offering to teach others how to do it. If you are good at playing the piano or guitar, you can package your knowledge into an online video course and start a business teaching people how to play the guitar. The good thing with a coaching business is that any kind of skill can be turned into a business.Even something as simple as asking girls out. Know how to talk to girls better than your friends? You can turn it into a business. There are lots of guys who want to learn how to as girls out and are willing to pay for the knowledge.The point here is that if you have something you are good at and passionate about, you can turn it into a profitable business idea.TURN YOUR DAY JOB INTO A BUSINESSAnother common way of identifying a great business idea is to look at what you get paid to do at your day job. Whatever you do at your current job â€" whether you are a web designer, a content writer, an accountant, a logistics manager, or any other job â€" you can step out on your own and build a business out of it. There are different ways to do this. The first one is the coaching approach, which I discussed above. Simply start teaching others what you are good at.The second is to start your own company instead of working for someone else. For instance, if you are a web designer, instead of working for a web design agency, why not start your own web design agency? You can start as a one man business and then expand as business grows.Of course, finding clients when you are starting will be challenging, but your own business allows you to charge your own rates and gives you the option of scalability, which you don’t have when working for someone else. To avoid starving as you hustle for your first clients, you should start it as a side bu siness and then focus fully on it once you are confident that it can provide you with a sufficient income.Alternatively, you can start offering consultation services within your field. Another option is find a way to automate your work process and then offer it as an app or software.Think of businesses like Buffer, Hootsuite, Asana, Basecamp, MailChimp, Hubspot, Shopify, Zendesk, and other business automation tools. The founders of these services came up with a way to automate their work processes and created businesses out of these process. If you can find a way to automate your day job, you have a winning business idea.TALK TO CONSUMERSAnother way to come up with a winning business idea is to actually talk to consumers and find out their needs and requirements. Let’s assume you are interested in the fashion industry, but you don’t have an idea on what kind of fashion related business you should start. Go out and talk to shoppers and find out what they need. Go to fashion store s and talk to the customers.Run online surveys and ask customers what they wish they could find when shopping for clothes and fashion industries. By talking to the actual consumers, you might uncover something that has been ignored by existing businesses and use it to come up with a unique business.The best part about talking to consumers is that you will be confident that there is a demand for your idea.ADD VALUE TO OR IMPROVE EXISTING PRODUCTS AND SERVICESYou can also come up with great business ideas by finding ways to add value to existing products. Think about products that you and your family, friends, and colleagues use on a day to day basis. Is there a way to add value to these products? Is there a service you can combine with the product to make it even more valuable? Is there anything else you can do to improve an already existing product or service? Think of the KFC franchise.Before Colonel Sanders came up with his unique fried chicken recipe, there were other restaurants selling friend chicken. However, he found a way to make his fried chicken way tastier than what competitors were offering, thereby creating a business that is currently worth over $7 billion.COPY AND MODIFY OTHERS’ IDEASThere is hardly a completely unique idea in this world. Think of how some of the most successful businesses in the world today were started. To create Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg copied and modified the initial idea from the Winklevoss twins.To invent the light bulb, Thomas Edison built on the work and research of several other inventors around the world.The truth is that most other seemingly innovative ideas simply find a way to build on already existing ideas, so why not do the same? I’m not saying that you should directly copy another person’s business idea like for like.There is a high chance you will fail if you do this. Instead, take an existing idea you like, find ways to make it better than it currently is, and turn it into a winning business idea.WRAPPI NG UPI hope that by now, you are convinced that coming up with a business idea does not have to be a challenging task. The methods listed in this article are just a few of the different ways you can use to come up with a business idea.There are many more ways.What I will emphasize here is that you should not sit back and wait for a business idea to strike you in a light bulb moment.Instead, you should be proactive in trying to identify business ideas. If you keep that in mind and apply the methods discussed in this article, you won’t have a shortage of business ideas.

Miniature Draculas The Vampires of the Tropics - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1061 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Dracula Essay Did you like this example? The word vampire brings to mind a myriad of spine tingling images; eyes as red as the fresh blood dripping from a pale chin, an eerily wing-like cape flapping in the wind of a misty night, a worryingly well-preserved crypt in an old abandoned castle. Or perhaps the more modern interpretation of a beautiful and brooding young man, as dark as he is handsome, is what comes to mind. Very rarely would one find someone to which the word vampire would immediately conjure images of small furry creatures who spend their days cuddling, grooming each other, and feeding others, who have missed a meal of blood, from their own supply. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Miniature Draculas: The Vampires of the Tropics" essay for you Create order In reality, the later description is far more accurate. Their diet of blood gained them the name vampire, after the legends of the bloodsucking monsters of the night, but these tiny creatures have more in common with a flying ball of fluff than a Transylvanian Count. Vampire bats, though often considered frightening or repulsive, are in fact fascinating creatures who show a depth of compassion and familial bonds which humanity would do well to learn from. The three living species of vampire bats; the common Desmodus rotundus, the hairy legged Diphylla ecaudata, and the white winged Diaemus youngii, can only be found in the New World tropics with the exception of a single hairy legged vampire bat found in the state of Texas in the year 1967 which would have had to wandered some 700 km north from its breeding population in order to be found where it was (Chiroptera  · Phyllostomidae  · Diphylla Ecaudata). Otherwise, the common vampire bat can be found from Mexico to as far south as central Chile, the hairy legged vampire bat can be found all over Central and South America, and the white winged vampire bat can be found mostly in South America with a sliver of territory reaching as far north as central Mexico. All three species of vampire bats prefer a tropical to subtropical habitat, as they cannot survive in a temperate climate. They tend towards remaining in the rainforest, at least until the lure of bountiful prey brings their col onies towards the farms of rural areas. All vampire bats live on a diet of blood. Common traits across the species that assist in their dietary activities are; an anticoagulant agent in their saliva, few, but razor-sharp teeth in their gums and cheeks, and a heat sensor-like organ in their nose. However, the separate species display distinct differences in prey and hunting techniques. The common vampire bat preys mostly on cattle and other large mammals. The bat can typically only consume about two tablespoons of the thick protein rich blood, before becoming full nearly to bursting (Sartore). The white winged vampire bat feeds, instead, on the fat rich blood of birds, usually drinking from the pad of the backmost toe, or the blood vessel rich brood patch. However, in 2017, there were recorded incidents of white winged vampire bats, which had previously been thought to exclusively prey on birds, having DNA from human blood in their feces. This discovery was disturbing on many levels as the bats that had evolved specifically to process fat heavy bird blood were now drinking the protein rich blood of humans. This was made even more shocking in the context that previously the bats had been observed to consistently choose to fast rather than feed on protein heavy pig or goat blood. In addition, risk to the human and bat populations were significant, as the bats had already lost concerning amounts of habitat and prey prior to this discovery from humans encroaching on their territory, never mind the violent reaction from a fearful human population. The humans being at risk for transmission of highly deadly diseases from the bats (Horton). The hairy legged vampire bat also feeds on birds, but thankfully has not yet been observed consuming human blood. Otherwise they show similar hunting methods to the white winged vampire bat. An interesting hunting technique has been observed which involves a bat mimicking the behavior of chicks to a domestic hen. The bat nuzzles the chest of the brooding hen. She responds by opening her wings and fluffing out her feathers, unknowingly giving the vampires access to her brood patch and underwing area (Schutt). Despite two of the three species feeding on fat heavy blood, vampire bats do not accumulate much, if any, fat. As a result, missing even one feeding can be disastrous for an unsuccessful vampire bat. However, this fact is the reason for a heartwarming interaction between bats, if a successful bat sees that a fellow bat has gone hungry it will regurgitate a portion of its meal to the hungry bat, very similarly to how a mother bird feeds her chicks. Perhaps most astonishing of all, this compassionate act has been frequently observed taking place between bats from different family groups and even different colonies. Additionally, a bat that has been helped in the past will often reciprocate and also be more likely to pay it forward and help another bat who is hungry, showing a capacity for empathy and even kindness. Vampire bats of all kinds form complex relationships, not dissimilar to human, dolphin, or primate relationships. They have been observed to form friendships based on mutual grooming. They have been known to sometimes show preferential treatment to family members in regard to feeding a hungry bat. Indeed, the charitable act of sharing food also shows some sort of social safety net for the bats to fall back on (Griffin). This, alongside the hunting tactic using a hens motherly instincts, shows that, not only do vampire bats form complex social bonds, they understand those of other animals as well. This displays a level of intelligence that some might find surprising. Vampire bats, though potentially unsettling at first, are intelligent, loyal, and compassionate creatures who lead complex and interesting lives. Though their blood-based diet makes every meal a crucial one, the close bonds they form with others gives them a safety net to fall back on. Their importance to the ecosystems they inhabit could not be overestimated. Indeed, far from their Transylvanian namesakes, these bats could be accurately described as friendly flying puffballs who simply require a droplet of blood now and again. Humans could stand to take a few lessons on compassion and charity from these tiny Draculas.

Essay on The Witch Hearings in The Crucible by Arthur Miller

The Witch Hearings in The Crucible by Arthur Miller There are strong parallels between Arthur Millers The Crucible and the history it depicts and the reign of terror that the 1950s era of McCarthyism repeated. These two historical events are linked by several commonalities: a lack of intelligent discussion, public hysteria, threats, fear and finally, the presumption of guilt rather than innocence. Miller convincingly uses fiction and dialogue to recreate a very real moment in history, which due to the timing of the plays release may also have been purposely created as a response to the actions of Joseph McCarthy. Joe McCarthy defiantly states, I have in my hand a list of 205 cases of individuals who appear to be either carrying†¦show more content†¦The tone of these remarks is strikingly lighthearted considering that the punishment for this invisible crime is death. The word hope implies, with a bit of sarcasm, that it would be much easier for all concerned if the witches would just come forward and admit they are evil. S ince this is impossible it is the responsibility of the good citizens of Salem to do it for them! Danforth refuses to pardon the prisoners or postpone their executions because he sincerely believes in their guilt. He does not want to cast doubt on the justification of the hangings of twelve previous condemned and the sentence of hanging for the seven remaining prisoners. It would not be fair to the twelve already hanged if the seven remaining prisoners were pardoned. Basically, Danforth is saying that in order to be fair to twelve unfairly hanged people, seven more have to confess to crimes they did not commit or die for them. Throughout history there are many examples where fear and hysteria pervade and wrongs are committed against innocent people. The most obvious is the idea of guilt by association, which is clearly evident in both the play and the hearings. Joseph McCarthy was a tormenter. Hundreds of innocent men and women had their lives destroyed due to his greed. Mu ch of the suffering he directlyShow MoreRelatedI’m Not a Witch†¦ or a Communist! I Plead the 5th! Essay1089 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurred during the Salem witch trials in 1692. During this time period, it was thought that witches were infiltrating the religious Puritan societies. The suspicion of witchcraft in Salem caused hysteria among the townspeople, which lead to the destruction of many good Christian people and their families. Arthur Miller, who was arrested during the McCarthy era, wrote The Crucible, a play about the 1692 Salem witch trials, to expose the absurdities of McCarthy’s â€Å"witch hunt†. One of the most obviousRead MoreAnalysing the Historical Content of the Crucible1409 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I intend to analyse the historical content of The Crucible and its relevance in today s society. I believe that Arthur Miller s life and his experience of McCarthyism strongly influenced the writing of The Crucible. McCarthyism, named after Joseph McCarthy was a period of intense anti-communism, which occurred in the United States from 1948 to about 1956. During this time the government of the United States persecuted the Communist party USA, its leadership, and many others suspectedRead MoreThe Witch Hunt in The Crucible and During the Time of McCarthyism1356 Words   |  6 Pages In this essay, I intend to analyse the historical context of The Crucible and its relevance in today’s society. I believe that Arthur Miller’s life and his experience of McCarthyism strongly influenced the writing of The Crucible. McCarthyism, named after Joseph McCarthy was a period of intense anti-communism, which occurred in the United States from 1948 to about 1956. During this time the government of the United States persecuted the Communist party USA, its leadership, and many others suspectedRead MoreSimilarities Between The Crucible And Salem Witch Trials1079 Words   |  5 Pages The Crucible is a play that explains the story the Salem Witch trials. Arthur Miller, is the author of this play. McCarthyism played a big role in the creation of The Crucible. Many differences and similarities were drawn between the play and the Red Scare. The horrors of history are passed on from generation to generation in hopes that they will never happen again. People look back on these times and are surprised at how terrible the times were. Yet, in the 1950s, history repeated itself. 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The Salem Witch Trials were various court hearings and prosecutions of people in Salem accused of Witchcraft. Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible, a play about The Salem Witch Trials, to send a messageRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pages Honor and Faith is what is questioned in Arthur Miller â€Å"The Crucible†. The Crucible is about the Salem witch trials. Several young girls claim to be afflicted by witchcraft. The afflicted girls accuse people in the town of witchcraft, often choosing victims who they or their families dislike. The main antagonist Abigail Williams with the other girl’s accusations resulted in the arrests and death of many people in the community of Salem. Arthur Miller wrote this play during the time of the RedRead MoreThe Vengeful Heart That Ignites The Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials1670 Words   |  7 PagesSalem Witch Trials The ability to live one’s life to the fullest is a God-given right that no one should have to suppress. 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To begin, the word crucible derived from theRead MoreSocial Criticism in Arthur Millers The Crucible1003 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Criticism in Arthur Millers The Crucible The Crucible, a play written by Arthur Miller, is a chronological narrative including a large cast of characters with a constantly moving setting.* The Crucible is a dramatization of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 and an allegory of the McCarthyism period. Throughout the play, Miller explores the destruction of freedom by the ignorant and tyrannical society in which his characters live.* By exhibiting how easily a member of the community can become

Hunting Snake and Cockroach Free Essays

The poems â€Å"Hunting Snake† and â€Å"The Cockroach† are very different but also vastly similar poems. The predominant language feature that is common in both poems is an extended metaphor – this is used in â€Å"Hunting Snake† to represent the colonisation of the Aborigines in Ancient Australia, and in â€Å"The Cockroach† to represent human nature, values and the way we live our lives. The poem â€Å"Hunting Snake† is obviously a poem about a group of people coming across a snake, staring in awe at its beauty and dissimilarity and then moving on. We will write a custom essay sample on Hunting Snake and Cockroach or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wright uses a lot of sibilance in this poem, perhaps to emphasise the snake. However if we explore deeper we notice that the poem is not about this at all – in fact it has an exceptionally different meaning. The entire poem is an extended metaphor for the colonisation of the Aborigines in Australia – the snake represents the Aborigines and the persona represents the colonisers. Although the colonisers saw the incredibly beautiful and unique Aborigines, they simply looked at each other and walked on – this is exactly what happens during every colonisation. The colonisers do not think about anyone else’s feelings, just their own personal or monetary gain. Hunting Snake is a poem about ancient beliefs and values, and the way that humans acted many years ago. In comparison, the poem â€Å"The Cockroach† is also one that addresses the issue of human nature and values. Kevin Halligan uses a cockroach to portray a ‘disgusting’ creature, one that many people are eager to kill and get rid of. Cockroaches also have a very nomadic lifestyle – they scurry about from place to place, never settling down and are always â€Å"on the go†. Halligan wishes for us to compare the cockroaches’ lifestyle with our own – the scampering motion of the bug is a reflection of his (and all humans’) nomadic lifestyle. By describing these frantic movements he is saying something about how most of us live our lives and our incapability to settle down – we are all in a hurry to move on to the next chapter in our lives, the next milestone, the next day, month, or year. This poem is set in modern day, it is written as if the cockroach is inside a house or a building, not outside like Hunting Snake. This technique helps to give us a better understanding of the poem – we can more easily relate it to human nature and our own lifestyles. How to cite Hunting Snake and Cockroach, Papers

Lennie analysis Essay Example For Students

Lennie analysis Essay Lennie, a character in the novel Of Mice and Men, was a timid good hearted man whose personality, appearance and nature set him apart from others while enabling unique friendships to flourish. Lennies humble personality helped him develop a number of these relationships on the ranch. Candy, a tall stoop shouldered old man, was the first person Lennie met on the farm. Candy always carried a big push- broom in his left hand and was a quiet soul, Just like Lennie. Lennie felt sympathy for Candy being that he had lost his hand right here on this ranch. His right hand referred to is dog that had been shot the day Lennie had arrived on the ranch. In hopes of bringing up Candys spirits, Lennie invited Candy to Join him on the pursuit of a dream to buy a little piece of land. The land signified freedom and a chance for a real home Lennie and Candy both. Crooks was the negro stable buck who had a crippled back where a horse kicked him while working on the ranch. Crooks wanted nothing more th an to share in this dream with Lennie and Candy. Crooks even offered to lend a hand for nothing in return Just for the opportunity to share in this dream land. Lennie as a good listener which helped to build a relationship with Crooks; a relationship desperately needed by Crooks since he was considered somewhat of an outcast due nls color. one 0T tne otner rancn nanas, curley, naa a wlTe wno was DeautlTul wltn her bright cotton dress and her little sausage curls all in place around her head. She loved the thought of pursuing dreams too and even shared with Lennie how she coulda made somethin of herself. Her dreams were slowly shattered being married since she cant talk to nobody but Curley. Curlys wife breaks the rules to talk to Lennie nyway because he is the only guy that will actually listen to her and be a friend. Lennie was benevolent, but similar to animals due to his below average intelligence and overpowering strength. Lennie resembled a bear with his incredible strength and his gangly presence which frightened people. Lennie was a huge man who walked dragging his feet, the way a bear drags his paws. Although his presence could be alarming, his paws brought him happiness and protection as he dabbled his big paw in the water while entertaining himself or as he covered his face ith huge paws and bleated with terror when Curley was abusing him. Lennie Small could also be compared to a mouse with his absentminded behavior, his battles of helplessness and the inability to make decisions for himself. These behaviors are exhibited when Lennie doesnt react to Curlers abusive blows until George says get Im Lennie. Lennie relies on George so much to make decisions for him that Lennie becomes uncomfortable when George is not around. Not sure of how to act for himself, Lennle squlrms unaer tne 100K ana moves nls Teet nervously wnen otner people look at him or try to talk to him. Mice are skittish creatures that tend to avoid trouble and circumstances where they may feel threatened. Lennie is the same way as he avoids talking or even looking at people to refrain from getting in trouble. Unlike a bear and a mouse, a dog will obey his master and be eager to please. George could be considered the master of Lennie as he tells him when he aint gonna say nothin, or who he aint gonna talk to. Most dogs have a short attention span as well which is closely related to Lennies character. Lennies brawny appearance and mental struggles set him apart from everyone lse on the ranch. Lennies mental disabilities were caused from lack of education and inexperience in learning to care for himself. Education wasnt held in high importance so Lennie never had the opportunity to learn how to read or speak correctly. .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd , .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd .postImageUrl , .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd , .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd:hover , .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd:visited , .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd:active { border:0!important; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd:active , .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9a3b145d53720a7fb2dd2bf74bb8e4cd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Grapes Of Wrath By Steinbeck (974 words) EssayLennies speaking skills did not have a chance to form since George always seemed to answer for him in every situation. Lennie was also a hell ofa good worker who could put up more grain alone than most pairs can. The other workers were laborers but did not have a strong desire to please like Lennie possessed. Lennie believed that if he worked eally hard, he could prove to George that he was responsible enough to tend to the rabbits; something that made Lennie very happy because he was obsessed with soft tnlngs. Lennie usea to nave a piece 0T velvet tnat nls own Aunt Clara naa given to him but over time he lost it. Lennie then moved onto bigger objects that were soft such puppies and even on to humans. People found him to be weird when he so badly wanted to feel that girls dress or started stroking her hair which ultimately made him an outcast of sorts. This obsession with soft things led to a sorrowful loss of innocence and the shameful demise of Lennie.

Automotive Industry and Nissan free essay sample

At present Nissan has increased its focus on emerging markets like India and Russia. In March 2010, Renault-Nissan Alliance inaugurated its first plant in Chennai, India. The plant will become operational in May and expected to launch car by mid this year only. This is not the first global move of Nissan. It has been making strategic alliance with number of other automobiles companies for example Renault, Volvo etc. as per its business strategy of direct technology transfer. This paper aims to study Nissan ¶s ? Go-Global? strategy. During the study, we will try to understand the various imperatives that company have to operate at multiple locations, how it chooses among various locations and how it goes about implementing the expansion plan. Studying Nissan ¶s global strategy and focussing on its moves specifically in India and Russia, will help us enhance our understanding of Nissan ¶s strategy. Also, it will not only provide us understanding of Nissan, but also help us to understand the concept and its practical usage in real time scenario in general. We will write a custom essay sample on Automotive Industry and Nissan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Keywords: Nissan, global, India, Russia, strategy, alliance INTRODUCTION With the increasing trend of globalization and heightened competition, most of the companies at some point of time think of expanding to new locations because of different imperatives ranging from efficiency, growth, competition, knowledge or mix of few. Each company decides its own parameters while making strategic choices of a market or a country. Every firm has a different strategy to make choices of the countries, understand their market potential, and make risk-return analysis of the country. The irm then determines the entry mode strategy after deciding a country and how and to what extent, they want to transplant their DNA to the new venture. The automobile industry is one such industry where one needs to be globally competitive to survive and as well as to keep growing. Many automobile companies have ventured into different countries for one or more imperatives mentioned earlier. Nissan Motors is one of such companies which have made its presence felt in all the parts of the world. This paper is an effort to study the global strategies of Nissan focussing mainly on its new ventures in India and Russia. It studies the advantages and disadvantages of Nissan ¶s strategy and recommends strategies to be followed in India. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY Global automobile industry had a smooth ride and the industry rose in leaps and bounds till the recession hit the world. Automobile industry was highly impacted by the global financial downturn and the industry went into a crisis. The period from 2008-10 is considered to be period of automotive industry crisis. Most of the big guns in the industry lost huge deals of profits and sales declined. Many big players reached stage of bankruptcy like GM and Chrysler. The situation is getting better in 2010 with markets recovering and sales increasing slowly. In 2008, more than 70 million vehicles were produced but it was less than that of 2007 due to reduction in demand [13]. The markets in North America and Japan have become stagnant but there has been rise in demand in developing nations mainly Brazil, Russia, India and China. China surpassed Japan to become the largest producer of vehicles. Toyota is the largest automobile company in the world followed by Volkswagen and GM. Automobile Industry in most parts of the world is highly competitive which has led companies to go for global expansion and form strategic alliances to be competitive in the market. The companies are moving towards the fast growing developing nations for their new market and even using them for exporting vehicles to other parts of the world. Automotive industry is also incorporating new technologies. The launch of hybrid engine cars in the recent past is one of the major technological advancement. Many companies are working to produce electric vehicles and looking for another means of fuel for the cars. The automobile industry is constantly changing. Due to the recent global recession, there has been a slowdown in the demand of vehicles and people are moving towards small compact cars which are normally low priced. Many companies which earlier normally catered to luxury segment are also entering this new attractive segment. Global expansion has been the foray of automobile industry since long. Companies started expanding themselves since early 1900 ¶s. Nissan is also one of the major automobile companies which started its global expansion around 50 years back. NISSAN MOTORS Nissan is a multinational automaker headquartered in Yokohama, Japan. It is the 3rd largest auto manufacturer in Japan. The company was founded on 26th December, 1933, with the merger of the automobile components department of Tabata Casting with a small automobile producer and repair shop factory owned by DAT Motors, a new company was formed with the name DATSON, which was later changed to DATSUN (Nayebpour and Saito, 2007). It formerly marketed vehicles under ? Datsun? brand name but later changed it to Nissan. Nissan markets its vehicles mainly under two brand names i. e.  µNissan ¶ and  µInfiniti ¶. Infiniti is the luxury car division of Nissan and works as a separate subsidiary. Nissan is a Fortune 500 company with around $93 billion revenue in 2008 [12]. It has manufacturing centres in 18 countries and RD centres in 5 nations and services in around 160 countries in the world. Nissan made a conscious decision to expand in the global markets in late 1950s. They realized that their small car line would fill an unmet need in markets like Australia and USA. They first showed cars at the 1959 Los Angeles auto show, and sold a few cars that year in USA [12]. The company formed a US subsidiary in 1959. Nissan started improving its cars technologically and exporting them to these countries. By 1970, Nissan was one of the largest exporters of automobiles. After oil crisis in 1973, demand for small cars increased substantially and Nissan opened new setups in Mexico, Australia, South Africa and Taiwan to meet the growing demand [12]. The company decided to give its economy cars a sporting flavour to cater to the new markets. By sixties, US started imposing strict tariffs on imported vehicles. In response to the tariff, Nissan along with other Japanese players began building plants in USA. Nissan entered China in 1972 and is an established player in Chinese market. Recently, Nissan has ventured into India and Russia and opened new plants which will be operational by 2010. Nissan went into deep crisis after the bubble burst of Japanese economy in early 90s. From a profit of 101. 3 billion yen in 1992 Nissan went into a loss of 166 billion yen in 1995 [18]. The problems with Nissan were many. The concept and style of Nissan ¶s cars were not in tune with the current market. Nissan ¶s culture was that of complacency and there was lack of urgency. There was no cross-functional and cross-regional communication. In 1998, the planning department came up with an idea of global alliance to survive. At the same time, Renault proposed an alliance with Nissan. The company realised that there are lot of benefits in alliance with Renault. Both had market strength in different parts of the world and different expertise. Also, Renault had a similar market capitalization and thus the threat of takeover from either side was very less. Daimler wanted to acquire Nissan during the same period but Nissan didn ¶t want to lose its independence. It decided to go for an alliance with Renault in 1999. As per the contract, Renault owned 44. 3% shares of Nissan which allowed voting rights to Renault while Nissan owned only 15% of Renault ¶s shares [6]. The company after the alliance went for a complete restructuring and reduced its cost hugely. The alliance also helped both the companies to develop better global strategies using the strengths of each other. The key highlights of the alliance are: 1. Global Alliance Logistics Committee (GALC). GALCs mission is to decide together on an action plan which involves all the steps needed in order to reduce logistics costs in the world and to standardize all the processes between Renault and Nissan. 2. Identity remains intact for both the companies. 3. A production strategy of synchronous delivery which was already employed at Renault. It helps in planning the production plan six days in advance and notifying the supplier, which were at high distance for Nissan. The Renault-Nissan alliance went on for a strategic alliance with Daimler AG on April 7, 2010 where both the sides announced an equity exchange of 3. 1% of each partner [10]. The highlights of the cooperation are: 1. Next generation 4 seater smart Fortwo and Renault Twingo including electric versions will be engineered on the basis of jointly developed architecture. 2. Sharing of highly fuel efficient, diesel and gasoline engines between Renault-Nissan and Daimler. 3. Collaboration on light commercial vehicles. 4. Additional synergies encompassing selective common purchasing opportunities, exchange of operational benchmarks and best practices to be shared across both groups GLOBAL STRATEGIES OF NISSAN Nissan aims to be the leader in all the markets where it is operating, atleast in its high priority countries. All the global strategies are made keeping the above in the focus. Nissan follows a business strategy of direct technology transfer through formal tie-ups with foreign automakers like British, American, and German automakers or part manufacturers (Takahashi, 2007). This helped in easy and fast transfer of technology and company ¶s cars can directly compete with competitors ¶ high tech vehicles. However, the disadvantage was that few technologies were in early stages. Thus, they were not tried and tested. Hence, bearing their failure was the additional cost. Nissan follows transnational strategy by reducing its costs as well as localizing its products. Initially, know-how was mainly transferred from Japan to other countries. Now a web like structure is followed where knowledge is transferred from each location to all the other location. It uses one market ¶s successful strategy in another if it feels that strategy can work in the new market as well and if the new market is having similarities with the old market. For example when Nissan entered China it used some of its strategies followed in Japan and Taiwan to establish itself in China. Again, when Nissan decided to enter India, it went into an alliance with Ashok Leyland which was a similar sort of strategy followed by the company in China. It went for joint venture with Dongfeng Motor Corporation in China to provide a full range of product lineup of both passenger and commercial vehicles. Similarly, Ashok Leyland was chosen as it has a product lineup of commercial vehicles and Nissan wants to use this alliance to offer a full product lineup focusing on Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) which is their one of the most successful products recently. Nissan ¶s approach has been globally focussed but regionally concentrated. The company uses its best practices wherever it goes but makes products which cater to the needs of local consumers like Livina Geniss for China. The subsidiary of each country is an independent unit and works as a separate SBU but every SBU is integrated with other to avoid any duplication and reduce costs. Nissan strongly believes in alliances to grow in the current global world. It believes that mutual cooperation and learning is extremely valuable in todays and even more tomorrows global auto industry. It helps both the sides to broaden and strengthen their product offerings. They have made several global alliances with firms like Renault, Daimler, Mazda, Volvo, Mitsubishi, etc. More than 73% of its global market is covered by these alliances (Palmer, 2009). In fact, USA is the only market where it is operating without any sort of alliance. Nissan ¶s biggest reason for alliances is gaining knowledge. It forms an alliance with a local company or the company which knows the market whenever it enters a new market. The alliances are also made to share technical and management expertise. Nissan follows a 4G strategy for global coordination [11]. Various components of 4G strategies are: 1. Global Training Centre: Its focus is global standardization of training tools and best practices to be implemented at all sites. Its global training centre is located in Japan. The hierarchy at the training centre is Global master trainer at the highest level followed by master trainer, local trainer, and operators in the same order as decreasing level. . Global Production Engineering Centre: Its focus is quality Evaluation with Data Data Transcription to Mass-production. 3. Global Launching Expert: It diagnoses/ evaluates preparation status give practical support. 4. Global Package Design Centre: It works towards efficiency improvement in logistics through digitalization. Nissan ¶s future global plans focus on emerging nations mainly BRIC countries. Nissan plans to follow a multi-pronged approach with a network of alliances to manufacture a complex array of future products in all classes upto eight tonnes gross vehicle weight (Palmer, 2009). Nissan wants to develop its range of LCVs and become the largest supplier of Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV). Strategic alliance with Ashok Leyland in India is done keeping LCV in focus. Although USA and Japan are still one of the big markets for Nissan but these markets have matured and the future of Nissan depends on its success in emerging nations. STRATEGIES IN EMERGING NATIONS Most of the companies in today ¶s world are moving to developing countries as they are the fastest growing markets while the developed markets have matured and their growth have come to stage to be counted as standstill. Automobile companies have also followed the suit and started to look towards the emerging nations. Companies like GM, Volkswagen, Toyota, Honda, BMW, Nissan-Renault have already entered into major developing countries like Brazil, China, India and Russia. BRIC countries line as the top priority markets for Nissan and many of their global strategies revolve around these countries mainly China, India and Russia. a. China: Nissan entered into China in 1972 with the export of Cedric Sedan. But it established its unit only after 30 years in 2002 by forming an alliance with Dongfeng Motor Corporation. Together, they established a 50-50 joint company, Dongfeng Motor Co. Ltd. (DFL) in 2003 [7]. The alliance helped Nissan to establish itself in Chinese market. Dongfeng already had established network of agents and dealers and had expertise in commercial vehicles. As a result, they were able to offer a full product lineup of both passenger and commercial vehicles, the only company to do so in China. Nissan is currently the 5th largest automobile company in China. It saw a tremendous increase in growth of sales of 39% in 2009. Infact, China was the only market where Nissan attained profits during recession. Currently, Nissan is preparing the ground for Renault ¶s entry into China in 2010 so that their alliance can further strengthen their position in China. China is considered the most important market by Nissan due to its profitability and growth and that ¶s why Nissan has a special focus on China. China is the largest automobile market in the world and is booming since last two decades [14]. Most of the big players have already entered into Chinese market and few left are also planning to enter. With the rise in automobile manufacturers, the competition in the market will continue to be fierce. Nissan is planning to continuously introduce new models with advanced technologies to exceed the customer needs and maintain its strong presence in the market. Nissan is planning to expand its operations in China to meet the growing demand and has setup a new plant in Zhengzhou which is expected to start producing vehicles from late 2010 (Palmer, 2009). With the successful launch of LCVs in China, Nissan is planning to launch six more LCVs by 2012 some of them coming from the new plant. The alliance is also increasing its number of dealers mainly in inland areas where vehicle concentration is still low and potential for growth is high. Nissan also works to train its dealers in China to increase customer satisfaction. Apart from fulfilling the needs of Chinese market, Nissan is also planning to export some of its vehicles including LCVs and is working with the government in this area. b. Russia: Russia is another emerging market which is on the priority list of Nissan. It is the most important market for Nissan in Europe. Nissan entered Russia by importing its vehicles from neighbouring countries. Realizing the market potential of Russia and unmet need of LCVs, the company started to import LCVs in 2008. In 2008, the firm decided to establish a plant in St. Petersburg to meet the growing demand of Nissan ¶s cars in Russia and to avoid the high import duties. Nissan followed the same strategy of joint ventures in Russia as well to enter the market. Nissan-Renault made a strategic alliance with AvtoVAZ by taking 25% stake in it [17]. AvtoVAZ is the biggest player in the market with around 28% market share. The JV was done so that Nissan-Renault can use the market expertise of AvtoVAZ and its strong established distribution network. AvtoVAZ would also gain by the advanced technologies used by Nissan-Renault. This alliance was made to reduce risk for Nissan as the market for the firm was new and different and Nissan wanted to learn the market with the help of its local partner. Russia as a market for Nissan was booming until recession hit the world. Sales of Nissan declined by more than 50% in the period [4]. But situation has started improving in 2010 and Nissan is ready to grab the opportunity. Future strategies for Russia Nissan is ready with its big plans in Russia. It is planning to increase its market share from 5. 7% to 7% by the year 2013. It has set up manufacturing plant to build Nissan Teana and XTrail, its most successful cars in Russia. It will also get its products assembled in one of the manufacturing plants of AvtoVAZ. The reason for internal manufacturing is that it is the Nissan ¶s policy to be close to its priority markets. Nissan wants to utilise the benefits of being close to market production. It also allows them to have more flexibility in adapting to the changing market needs. Apart from this, it will also reduce the cost of the cars which are being imported currently. Nissan is working closely with its partner AvtoVAZ to gain 40% combined market share by 2014 and be the most powerful group in the market. To increase its power, Nissan-Renault is also planning to increase its stake in AvtoVAZ [19]. The current capacity of the plant established by Nissan is 50,000 units which it will expand once the demand gets stabilised in Russia after recession [8]. Nissan, which has launched LCVs in 2008, is aiming to be the largest player in the LCV market by 2012. Some of the most ambitious plans Nissan has for its LCV division are currently being put in place in Russia. Company is planning to extend its range from two products to six products by the end of 2011, by which time the local market is expected to be the largest in Europe overtaking Germany (Palmer, 2007). Nissan is also planning to produce a budget car in alliance with AvtoVAZ to cater the mass market. c. India: Another market India holds even more promise for Nissan over the longer term, but it will have to start there from its current minimal presence. Indian automobile industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the country. It is the ninth largest producer of vehicles and the largest small car producer overtaking Japan [15]. It is also one of the largest exporters of automobiles mainly to Europe and Africa. The industry showed strong market growth even in recent difficult times. One of the most important factors for India ¶s future growth as an automobile market is that its vehicles penetration ratio is very low even lower than most of the emerging nations. The prospects of automobile industry in India can be further analysed with the help of its PESTEL Analysis. Table 1 : PESTEL Analysis of Indian Automobile Industry Political Factors Factor Impact Approval of foreign equity Positive investment upto 100% with no minimum investment criteria Emphasis on RD activities Positive giving a tax reduction for inhouse research and RD Importance a) Attracts multinational companies to invest b) Strategic alliance not forced on companies a) Promotes RD at a cheaper cost than other parts of the world b) Attracts companies to open RD centres Emphasis on making India Positive hub for small cars Economic Factors Factor Increasing per capita income ) Assistance for small car companies Impact Positive Cheaper and easier finance Positive scheme Continuous growth in GDP Positive Importance a) Increases the buying power of people b) Increase in customer and sales a) Allows people to purchase vehicles easily b) Increases the sales a) Tells that overall economic environment is favourable Social Factors Factor Impact Growth in urbanization and Positive upward migrat ion of household income level Rise in education employment and Positive Indian people are very well Positive/Negative informed and emphasize on value for money Importance a) Major car market lies in urban India b) Allows more people to purchase vehicles a) More employment means more money and hence more market a) Difficult to fool customers b) Forces company to keep the price low c) Promotes market for small cars Technological Factors Factor Impact Advanced technologies Positive/Negative getting developed like hybrid engines Importance a) Development of better cars b) Increases competition c) Difficult for smaller players to survive with big global players known for their technology d) Increase in operational efficiency Developing India as a testing Positive hub : NATRIP ) Support of government in the project b) Enhance RD and technological advancements Environmental Factors Factor Impact Less polluting engines being Positive/Negative promoted Importance a) Leads to advanced technology and better cars b) Increases the cost of the companies and hence the price Legal Factors Factor Impact Well established regulatory Positive framework Importa nce a) SIAM is part of the regulatory rules b) Leads to better regulatory rules a) Operational problems b) Neither workers nor management knows completely about the law c) Leads to exploitation of weaker group Existing complex labour laws Negative The PESTEL Analysis shown in Table 1 clearly indicates the strategic importance of Indian automobile industry in the global arena. This is one market which can change fortunes for any automobile company including Nissan. Nissan realised this and decided to enter the market on a large scale. The strategies of the company are currently in the preliminary stage and are being worked upon. Nissan has a very minimal presence in India and is unaware of the market conditions as it is different from most of the markets where the firm is operating. This is the reason why Nissan-Renault has gone for three strategic alliances in India. It has made an alliance with Mahindra Mahindra, Bajaj and Ashok Leyland. Nissan is also planning to make India global hub for small cars which is a good move considering its location and availability of resources and trained people. Nissan started its operations in India in 2005 with the launch of Nissan X-Trail followed by Nissan Teana in 2007. It currently imports fully imported built models. Nissan decided to fully venture into Indian market in 2009 and set up a manufacturing facility in Chennai with Renault which will start production from mid 2010. The company inaugurated the plant in March 2010 which will undergo production from May 2010 [9]. Nissan-Renault alliance has invested $990 million in the plant with a capacity to produce 400,000 cars. The first vehicle to be produced will be the new Nissan Micra, a global sub-compact car. It is destined for the Indian market as well as for export to over 100 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. In 2011, the plant will start production of the Renault Koleos and Fluence, both destined for the Indian market. It has also partnered with Bajaj Auto to manufacture an entry level car priced at around $2500 [20]. It is constructing a new plant in Pune for the manufacturing of same. The third venture of Nissan is with Hinduja Group owned Ashok Leyland. The alliance has started constructing a plant near Chennai which will build light commercial vehicles and their powertrains (Palmer, 2009). The major focus of the alliance is towards producing LCVs. Nissan is still building on its capacities and products in India and they will make strategies and tactics completely after they decide upon the complete product line [16]. RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES FOR NISSAN Potential Market: Nissan has kept its focus on emerging nations mainly China, India and Russia. Apart from these, Nissan should also pay attention towards South American market. South America has a huge market potential for automobile industry. Ignoring such a huge market can prove disastrous for a company. Nissan currently has a manufacturing location in Brazil to cater the South American market. But one location is not enough for such a huge market. They need to setup atleast one more manufacturing location preferably in Argentina as it is the second largest economy there with a good domestic market and favourable conditions to setup a plant. Nissan just needs to give more attention to the South American market before it is fully captured by other players. China: China is the most important market for Nissan and the company has been doing well over there in the recent past. Their strategies have paid off well in China and they should continue with the strategies. Nissan should also try to use its business model of China in other countries. Nissan should try to increase its capacity in China and use it to export its vehicles to other places. Russia: They should keep their strategies on hold for Russia for sometime till the market stabilises. Russia is a volatile market and Nissan should wait for a year or two before it decides to increase the production capacity of its plant and expand its product line. In the mean time Nissan can learn and understand the market of Russia with the help of its partner. Russian market is complex and needs to e understood completely before making a fully fledged entry into the market. India: Because of low awareness about Indian market, Nissan went for alliances. The only problem was that they made just too many alliances which made their operations and business strategy complex in India. It also led to the differences with their old partner Mahindra Mahindra. Nissan should give its attention towards its allianc e with Ashok Leyland with which they can launch full range of product lines. Nissan aims to be the market leader in LCVs and Ashok Leyland alliance can help them in achieving this faster. Nissan also needs to launch its entry level car with Bajaj as soon as possible before Tata Nano completely captures the market. Bajaj doesn ¶t have an experience in car manufacturing nor have enough capacity to support Nissan ¶s ambitions. Their advantage over other partners is that they have the strongest network of dealers and agents in India. They are present even in the rural India due to their strong two wheeler market which can prove to be very useful market for their entry level car. Nissan should use Bajaj to expand its network throughout India.

sliver essays

sliver essays In the Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio, women are portrayed as both aggressive and strong, as well as week and submissive. Giovanni Boccaccio was a man born in the wrong era since most writers were portraying women as objects for men and the women were almost always conniving. Boccaccio gave the women in his story a brain and showed that women ca Ernest Hemingway pulled from his past present experiences to develop his own thoughts concerning death, relationships, and lies. He then mixed these ideas, along with a familiar setting, to create a masterpiece. One such masterpiece written early in Hemingway's career is the short story, "Ind Literary Interpretation of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman I did not intend to drive people crazy, but to save people from being driven crazy... said Charlotte Perkins Gilman, author or The Yellow Wallpaper. Indeed this story could very easily drive one crazy. However, like Ms. Gilman stated, I dont believe that was h The Yellow Wallpaper - Journey into Insanity In "The Yellow Wallpaper", by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the dominant/submissive relationship between an oppressive husband and his submissive wife pushes her from depression into insanity. Flawed human nature seems to play a great role in her breakdown. Her husband, a noted physician, is unwilling to admit that there might really b Thematic Comparison ofRevelation?,A Good Man A woman assaulted, a car accident ending with the car on its side, and an execution of an entire family make up images commonly found in horror stories or movies but rarely found in humor. Yet Flannery O?Connor, a female writer in the mid-1900's, found a way to incorporate them into her religiously themed sh ...

Product and Brand Management PowerPoint Presentation

Product and Brand Management - PowerPoint Presentation Example The consumption of the beverages has been threatened by health concerns with the need to introduce more healthy brands. The research in the American market suggests that the consumption level is affected by an increased 63% of the population preferring nutritious drinks as compared to the established brands. The leading products have ventured to include production of bottled water for consumers to utilize as alternative products. Slide 2: Competitive Analysis The leading competitor expected in the market would be the Coca-Cola Company with a leading market share of 42.8%. This has been due to powerful and precise advertisement measures and introduction of unique brands preferred by the consumers. With the strategy to introduce the, rich juicy, flavors in mango, orange and strawberry, Kooler Refresh is expected to gain a 10% market share. However, with the right advertising strategies and the combination of both new and traditional media, the awareness of the brand would be increased (Gelder, 2005). The other advantage in the Coca-Cola Company is the popularity of the brand and awareness of the existing flavors. However, one in five consumers prefers healthy beverages as compared to products that hold minimal energy level. The carbonated drinks have also been replaced by bottled water as a preference due to health implications. Slide 3 and 4: Brand Strategic Plan The vision of the company has been created to become a leading supplier of healthy soft drinks among the developing ages who prefer satisfactory healthy drinks. The objective realized in the company is to increase the market share on introduction within the market to rival the efforts of the competitive brands. On becoming a leading brand within the market, the consumers would help the product realize the increase in returns and profit generation. This will be effectively achieved in environmental friendly packaging and the composition of the drink to include healthy ingredients. The drink also lacks th e quality of the carbonated drinks with a, pure natural, taste in the drink. Strategy to be applied involves focusing on the energetic youth, especially in young male and female athletes. These are found in schools and competitive platforms with the inclusion of marketing campaigns utilized by the youth. The company has identified the 16-25 year age to be the most active and in need for an alternative brand category. The brand also expects to introduce alternative milk flavors in vanilla and strawberry. The marketing strategy campaign in advertising is expected to be extended to Africa and Asia as avenues to market the product name. The company will apply similar tactics as the competitor in using celebrity endorsement programs and creating avenues preferred by the youth in free samples as promotional campaign. However, the input would be placed on selected platforms like advertising campaigns engaging selected groups. Slide 5 and 6: 4 Ps The product under consideration is a soft dr ink with the brand identification name in Kooler Refresh that offers health and energy retrieval through the natural tasty blends available. The production has been based on inclusion of added energy content per millimeter similar to the nutrients acquired in the natural fruit. The selected Pricing range has been selected to aid in marketing campaign with comparison used in the competitor pricing. The company expects to charge at a 10% reduction rate in the

Why education is important in todays society Essay

Why education is important in todays society - Essay Example It, for example, enhances one’s understanding of their surroundings. Consequently, the individuals get to know where to look for suitable opportunities. If in need of special services, such as writing wills, or even seeking legal advice, they know where to access the services, unlike the uneducated. Such people access information that they require easily, compared to those who do not have an education. They understand how different organs in the society function, which promotes their living standards as they seek help in the right places. Therefore, education benefits the society greatly as the people in the society lead informed lives. Educated people focus on living a better life, than their past life. They do this by improving their current situations for the better. Such people unite, and form groups that can drive change in the society. Those in areas that lack adequate essential services, for example, medical care, strive to enhance the standards of medical provision. Educated citizens in areas that have inadequate schools work on improving the education system. These efforts contribute to the development of the society, which yields positive progress in the society. According to Green and Shearman (2012), education serves an important function of allowing people to live together in harmony. Schooling integrates people from diverse backgrounds. These people learn to live with each other, and appreciate the differences among them. Education also proves that one cannot survive without mutual support as the studies require them to discuss, and learn from one another. Consequently, these traits get transferred to the society, which appreciates harmonious living. Education can be used to gain economic independence in society. Educated people can get employed in the different sectors of the economy, depending on their qualifications. The employment results in a steady income, which promotes the well being of the employed persons. The educated fellows can

Buddhist Philosophy of No-Abiding Self

Buddhist Philosophy of No-Abiding Self Outline and discuss the Buddhist philosophy of no-abiding-self (anatman). What is rebirth if there is no soul being reborn? In the first noble truths, Buddha taught that suffering or dukkha exist in our lives. The Buddhas teachings are simply a path way to enlightenment (?) so that the suffering can end all together. to become enlighten is to wake up to the true reality of things so that one can see who they really are in the deepest levels. It is at that moment when the realization of selfishness takes place and all the suffering falls away. When someone is not enlighten, then their current understanding of the world and who they really are, does not match the reality. Because of this confusion, suffering takes place. Unless one is enlighten, then this person will continue to identify with the wrong version of their self. There is this sense of duality in the world of the notion of me and I. From this notion people tend to create all of their attachments such as my house or my family. This way of thinking and perception springs all human feels; desires and aversions. Where does the idea of self, derive from? When Buddha was asked about I he said, in paraphrasing, where is this I? Point it for me. (Reference) Buddha wanted to make his followers this notion of the self. Are we our names, for instance? Often times, individuals can feel compromised by the existence of another person having the same name as themselves. Does that mean that we can only exist in our body? Our body constantly changes. The body a person has when they are 80 years old is not the same as the body they had when they were new born. So how can the body constitute a permanent self? Individuals derive to this sense of self due to rapid interplay of many physical and mental processes. The Buddha explained that everyone has five aggregates that work together to form the sense of self (Boisvert, 1995).In Sanskrit these five aggregates are called skandhas (Boisvert, 1995: 17).The five aggregates consist of form, consciousness, feelings, perceptions and mental formations (Boisvert, 19 95: 4). They all work in combination to each other. Because they seem to work so simultaneously it is easy to incorrectly identify with these aggregates as they are constituting our permanent and unchanging self. However, the Buddha pointed out that it is our identification with these aggregates that is creating this illusion of permanence and as long as we continue to cling to these as being who we are we will continue to suffer(Boisvert, 1995: 8).REBIRTH The first aggregate is form or matter (Boisvert, 1995).This includes the four great elements; earth, water, fire and air (including all the forms; internal and external, which are derived from these elements such as the physical body) (Gethin, 1998: 140). The Buddha wanted to draw our attention to the six sense organs; eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and body(Gethin, 1998: 140). When these are working properly they can detect the five sense-objects; visible form, sound, odour, taste, and tangible things(Gethin, 1998: 150-153).The coming together of sense-organ and sense-object, allows the corresponding sense-consciousness to arise (Gethin, 1998: 150-153).For instance, if the eye sense-organ meets with the visible object, then eye-consciousness arises. It is this arising of the consciousness which allows us to become aware of the presence of that sense-object(Gethin, 1998: 150-153). One the eye-consciousness arise, it forms an interaction between the sense-organ and the sense-object and thi s allows us to become aware of the presence of the object(Gethin, 1998: 150-153). Once we have the consciousness of an object, then this allows for the other aggregates to arise. The aggregate of feeling refers to feelings that arise from eye-contact, ear-contact, nose-contact, tongue-contact, body-contact, and intellect-contact (Gethin, 1998: 215-218).There are three kinds of feelings we might experience; pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral feelings (Gethin, 1998: 212-214). So it is from the contact of the sense-organs, the sense-objects and the sense-consciousness that these feelings can arise and these sensations van be either enjoyed, disliked, or be neutral. Then there is the aggregate of perception, which is what identifies what it has been noted by the relevant consciousness (Boisvert, 1995: 46)This allows an individual to recognize it, label it and categorize it. Thus, this aggregate allows one to stop making sense of the world because up until this point, the aggregates could only perceive things but not give it any meaning (Boisvert, 1995: 46-47). For instance; when drinking coffee, through the contact of the tongue, one is able to taste the coffee. Thus, the tongue-consciousness can perceive the taste of flavour. For the aggregate of feeling, in this example, the sensation might be quite pleasant because of the coffees warmness and flavour. Then this becomes the aggregate of perception which actually recognizes the liquid as coffee, because it fits into the pre-digested mental categories of what the properties of coffee should be like. With the aggregate of perception an individual is able to identify the stimuli around them (Boisv ert, 1995: 46-47). The last aggregate is mental formations and fabrications(Reference). This aggregate indicates that each individual has different ways they can react to a sense-object and develop different feelings and perceptions of it(Boisvert, 1995: 49). As the name suggests, this aggregate is interests in the ways an individual can initially react on a mental level, even before this person follows through with some behaviours of speech, body and mind(Boisvert, 1995: 48-50). This aggregate is interested in all the wholesome and unwholesome intensions or impulses that arrive in relations of what we see, hear, smell, taste, feel and think(Boisvert, 1995: 48-50, 214) These intentions arise before we react with our body, speech or mind. In Buddhism, they refer to these intentions as the karma seeds(Gethin, 1998: 214)These actions have the power of bring happiness or suffering. We can make our own choices. But there is no concept of sin as there is in the Christian belied. They believe that unskilful c hoices can lead to bad karma, while skilful choices can lead to good karma(Gethin, 1998: 214)Perhaps, one of the most important point of this aggregate is that this is where human habits of mind are created (Gethin, 1998: 154). This is where individuals develop all their ideas, opinions, and prejudices about things and people, as well as all of their compulsions(Gethin, 1998: 153- 154). So this aggregate really determines whether one develops positive qualities of the mind or not. This is where individuals can shape their mental habits and the person they want to become. The five aggregates show that the interactions to people or situations in life are not immediate or automatic. There is a process involved where the individual is not at the mercy of their feelings or thoughts. There is a choice in how to respond to everything. This is a very liberating concept because if individuals can develop enough mindfulness to recognize their impulses or intentions as they arise, they can then learn to replace them with more wholesome ones and they can decide whether they actually act out on them or not. They can decide whether they will verbally abuse someone who insulted them or whether they can practice patience in a challenging situation. Essentially, individuals can decide what karma they create and whether they move towards enlightenment or not. Mindfulness is the quality that initially allows us to depersonalize the aggregates (Reference). So a person will not say the thought as being his/hers thought but simply he/she can say a thought is a thought. It is a phenomenon they can choose to entertain or not. With this perspective, thoughts are nothing more than an identity that arises and passes away (Reference). This brings a lot of lightness to our thoughts. There is no need to allow ourselves to get caught up in them anymore and get stuck on certain thoughts. Instead individuals can become dispassionate and objective observes and they will be able to remain calm and peaceful when thoughts arise whether they are wholesome or unwholesome ones (Gethin, 1998: 214). Getting back to what the teaching on the five aggregates mean in the of no self or anatman; the Buddha explained that these five aggregates are the basic elements of a person and they are in the state of continual change (Reference). For instance, an unpleasant feeli ng passes away to give rise to a pleasant feeling. One moment of consciousness is replaced by a different consciousness based on a different sense-organ. Of these aggregates, none of them can stand alone or constitute a permanent self because they are in a state of constant change. Every moment the sense-organs come into contact with the sense-object. These four processes of consciousness of sense, feeling, perception, and mental formation, occur with lightning speed, and because it happens so fast it gives the appearance of continuity and that of an unchanging entity (Reference). So it is because of the combination of these aggregates working together that there is the sense and idea of permanence and permanent I and it is conveniently labelled as self. Seeing thus, the well-instructed disciple of the noble ones grows disenchanted with form, disenchanted with feeling, disenchanted with perception, disenchanted with fabrications, disenchanted with consciousness. Disenchanted, he becomes dispassionate. Through dispassion, he is fully released. With full release, there is the knowledge, Fully released. He discerns that Birth is ended, the holy life fulfilled, the task done. There is nothing further for this world. (Reference) The Buddha was saying that once one realizes that he/she is not their thoughts, feelings or perceptions, then the individual will no longer continue to cling to them and will finally be liberated from their self-limiting views. It is all of the self-grasping that creates our suffering. All the misconceptions and the mental stories that individuals built on them, they bring out a lot of suffering. It then becomes possible to live in the world with greater lightness of being and ease. It is within that space of peace and tranquillity that best decisions can be made. When he Buddha became enlighten, he did not just vanish into thin air; he still had his body, his speech ad his mind (Reference). He just did not identify with his aggregates as possessive things ad as permanent entities. When speaking to a monk named Bahuna, the Buddha explained: Freed, dissociated, released from ten things, Bahuna, the Tahagata dwells with unrestricted awareness. Which ten? Freed, dissociated, and released from form the Tahagata dwells with unrestricted awareness. Freed, dissociated, and released from feeling from perception.. from fabrications from consciousness from birth from aging from death from suffering and stress Freed, dissociated, and released from defilement, the Tathagata dwells wit unrestricted awareness. Just as a red, blue, or white lotus born in the water and growing in the water, rises up above the water and stands with no water adhering to tit, in the same way the Tathagata freed, dissociated and released from these ten things dwells with unrestricted awareness. (Reference) Once an individual is freed from the contains he/she identifies with, the five aggregates, the Buddha is saying that there is still an unrestricted awareness that remains (Reference). There is some kind of consciousness and cognition that experiences. This consciousness that is without feature and without end does not rely to any of the six-organs and continues to be experienced when the six-sense stop function (Reference). However, even this unrestricted awareness is not something one can pin down at any moment and say that this is my permanent self, because it is constantly in a state of change. If we are not our bodies, our names, our thoughts and our feeling, then what are we? Buddha explained that when there is no clinging of these five aggregates the what remains is an unrestricted awareness that is luminous all around. The concept of anatman and selflessness are linked with these five aggregates of form, consciousness feelings, perceptions, and mental formations in which individuals wrongly identify with as being who they are. When an individual has the realization of selflessness then there is freedom that comes with is because he/she are no longer confined to their limited views of who they are and nor are they grasping anything as being an extension of themselves, so they can let go of their need to cling to possessions or even people in their lives. In fact, individuals will appreciate everything more and in a much more freed way. Citations: Boisvert, M. (1995). The five aggregates. 1st ed. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Published for the Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion by Wilfrid Laurier University Press. LOOK AT CHPATER 2 6 Gethin, R. (1998). Foundations of Buddhism. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.